Handbook of Environmental Psychology and Quality of Life Research
Examining human quality of life requires an integrative approach that considers the intrinsic quality of different living spaces, such as housing, neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and, on a larger scale, the planet. This linkage between quality of life and the environment is increasingly significant. Locally, issues like pollution and noise detract from quality of life, while globally, climate change poses severe consequences for both humans and the planet. Addressing basic human needs, such as access to clean water, food, shelter, and safety, is of paramount concern as deficiencies in these areas drastically impact quality of life.
Quality of life (QOL) is a multidimensional concept at the intersection of human and social sciences and health, blending notions of happiness and subjective well-being with physical and mental health. According to Sirgy (2012), two main philosophical approaches significantly influence the psychology of QOL.
- Hedonic Approach: Rooted in the traditions of Hobbes, Locke, Bentham, Mill, and Rousseau, the hedonic approach views individuals as motivated by personal freedom, self-preservation, and self-enhancement. It focuses on the individual’s judgment about personal happiness, emphasizing contentment and emotional well-being.
- Eudaimonic Approach: Stemming from Aristotelian philosophy, the eudaimonic approach focuses on flourishing, well-being, success, and living a purposeful and meaningful life. It stresses fulfilling one’s potential, contributing to society, and achieving high moral standards. This approach aligns with various religious and philosophical traditions, including Christianity (St. Thomas Aquinas) and Confucianism, and emphasizes outcomes like health, achievement, work, social relationships, prosocial behavior, trust, and future happiness.
Sirgy argues that happiness maximization alone is insufficient. Research should expand from the individual level to the societal level, considering both subjective and objective aspects of QOL. Happiness, as a cultural value, is more emphasized in Western cultures, suggesting a need for a broader perspective that includes cultural differences.
In summary, understanding and improving quality of life necessitates a comprehensive approach that balances individual happiness with societal well-being, addressing both subjective experiences and objective conditions. This approach ensures that policies and research can more effectively enhance human and environmental health and sustainability.
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