Nature based solution for comprehensive disaster and climate risk management

The toolkit on nature-based solutions for comprehensive disaster and climate risk management (CRM-NbS Toolkit) aims to support countries in making nature-based solutions (NbS) an integral part of planning under the comprehensive disaster and climate risk management (CRM) approach considering
both disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in an integrative manner. The tools and related information presented here build on the NbS-related technical resources developed for UNDRR’s CRM approach. The UNDRR approach to CRM (www.undrr.org/crm) is aligned with Target E of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: to “substantially increase the number of
countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020”. The approach facilitates this by supporting the integration of risk reduction into national adaptation plans and climate information and adaptation considerations into DRR plans and, where appropriate and agreeable, into an integrated
plan. Therefore, the CRM approach is key to shifting towards integrated plans and policies that are supported by a shared understanding of risk and coherent institutions, there by supporting larger policy coherence.
This toolkit builds on the latest definition of NbS from the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA): “Nature-based solutions are actions to protect, conserve, restore, sustainably use and manage natural or modified terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems which address social, economic and environmental challenges effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being, ecosystem services, resilience and biodiversity benefits” (UNEA, 2022).
As an umbrella concept, NbS includes a number of approaches. Most relevant in the context of CRM for CCA and DRR are: ecosystembased adaptation (EbA) and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). These two approaches are already well established and cover both climate-related and non-climaterelated hazards. While reference is made frequently to EbA and Eco-DRR throughout the
toolkit, other relevant approaches may also be mentioned.
The CRM-NbS Toolkit comprises five tools that build on one another to facilitate the strategic
integration of NbS, each focusing on a particular component of the CRM approach (Figure 1).
TOOL 1 supports compiling data, information and knowledge of a country’s environment,
climate, natural hazards, exposed elements and vulnerability and the impacts of these elements
to assess the specific national and subnational context and challenges. Special attention
should be given to Indigenous peoples and local communities, and their traditional sources of
knowledge. It is assumed that such information is already primarily collected in the context of
CRM planning.
TOOL 2 provides a list of keywords that countries can use to assess the extent to which NbS related concepts are addressed in the national policy and planning landscape to identify NbS
conceptual entry points for developing new or revising existing policies, strategies and plans.
TOOL 3 guides the selection of NbS interventions by highlighting categories and options to
integrate NbS into the national policy and planning landscape.
TOOL 4 supports identifying relevant actors and stakeholders to engage in NbS and CRM
planning and provides guidance on inclusive governance for NbS integration into CRM.
TOOL 5 provides an overview of how NbS is already being integrated into the national
policy and planning landscape in various countries to facilitate the formulation of goals
and measures across the national policy and planning landscape. A checklist supporting the
implementation of the tools by national actors is provided.

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