Transitioning to Sustainable Transport in Riyadh

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a remarkable transformation driven by its far-reaching national development plan, Vision 2030. This initiative seeks to diversify Saudi Arabia’s economy by developing new sectors, reduce reliance on oil, enhance people’s quality of life, and safeguard the natural environment. Saudi Arabia’s mega projects are at the forefront of this change. There are around 20 projects in total (depending on how you count them). Five of these have been designated as ‘giga projects’: NEOM, The Red Sea Project, Diriyah, Qiddiya, and ROSHN. As the capital city, Riyadh is at the heart of this transformation, hosting several of these projects. The city is positioning itself as a global destination and is set to host the Expo 2030 world fair and the 2034 FIFA World Cup. Riyadh is also aiming to become one of the world’s most liveable cities. Achieving this vision will require a comprehensive sustainable transport system that integrates electric vehicles, public transportation, cycling, and walking. Sustainability is a cornerstone of Vision 2030. The plan aims to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2060 and build an economy that can ensure long-term prosperity, particularly for a time when oil plays a smaller role in the global economy. Since 2023, several sustainable transport initiatives have started to emerge in Saudi cities. Although these changes are still nascent – evidenced by the fact that 95% of all trips in Riyadh are currently made by private cars – transformation is on the horizon. Riyadh’s mega projects are poised to lead the way in this transition through game-changing infrastructure development. Transitioning to a sustainable transport system presents several challenges. Will Riyadh’s residents use the new public transport network? How will first and last-mile trips be made? Can mega projects seamlessly integrate with the city’s public transport system? Is transport infrastructure ready to adapt to the increasing impacts of climate change? How will future mobility be integrated? This report explores recent developments in transportation across Saudi Arabia, using six of Riyadh’s mega projects as case studies for sustainable transport. It also examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the city’s shift towards a more sustainable transport system.
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